Holy Spirit Essay

How did the coming of the Holy Spirit revolutionize the people of God?

After the fall of mankind in the beginning, everyone was separated from perfect relationship with God. During that separation everyone lived under a curse and had to follow the law known as the Old Covenant that God implemented. Now the law was powerless to save, it could only lead people to God. In result Jesus had to come as the perfect sacrifice and shed his innocent blood once for all time to redeem and reconcile everyone back to right relationship with God because it was impossible for man to get to God on their own effort. "So Christ has now become the High Priest over all the good things that have come. He has entered that greater, more perfect Tabernacle in heaven, which was not made by human hands and is not part of this created world. With his own blood not the blood of goats and calves he entered the Most Holy Place once for all time and secured our redemption forever." (Hebrews 9:11-12)    

Now because of Jesus' sacrifice he has brought freedom from the curse and established a new covenant that does not have to do with the law but rather faith in God by living in the Spirit. "Let me put it in another way, The law was our guardian until Christ came; it protected us until we could be made right with God through faith. And now that the way of faith has come, we no longer need the law as our guardian." (Galatians 3:24-25). "Now we can serve God, not in the old way of obeying the letter of the law, but in the new way of living in the Spirit." (Romans 7:6)  

Jesus prophesied the dwelling of the Holy Spirit in John 14:17 "He is the Holy Spirit, who leads into all truth. The world cannot receive him. But you know him, because he lives with you now and later will be in you." Now in order for the Holy Spirit to come Jesus had to leave the earth after his death and resurrection. "But in fact, it is best for you that I go away, because if I don't, the Advocate won't come. If I do go away, then I will send him to you." (John 16:7). Now after a few days Jesus ascended to heaven the fulfillment of the Holy Spirit came "On the day of Pentecost all the believers were meeting together in one place. Suddenly, there was a sound from heaven like the roaring of a mighty windstorm, and it filled the house where they were sitting. Then what sounded like flames or tongues of fire appeared and settled on each of them. And everyone present was filled with the Holy Spirit and began speaking in other languages, as the Holy Spirit gave them this ability." (Acts 2:1-4) So the coming of the Holy Spirit revolutionized the people of God because now, for the very first time in all history, God could live in his people. This changed everything throughout the whole world. What had become lost in the beginning had now been found, for God's very spirit lives in his people again. Every aspect of life has changed for both the Jews and the Gentiles.   

The two major changes for the Jews now were, not living under the Old Covenant and also being united with the Gentiles. These were very drastic changes within the lifestyle of the Jews, especially the teachers of religious law because all they ever knew and dedicated themselves to was the Old Covenant (Law of Moses). For instance "Stephen, a man full of God's grace and power, performed amazing miracles and signs among the people. But one day some men from the Synagogue of Freed Slaves, as it was called, started to debate with him. They were Jews from Cyrene, Alexandria, Cilicia, and the province of Asia. None of them could stand against the wisdom and the Spirit with which Stephen spoke. So they persuaded some men to lie about Stephen, saying, 'We heard him blaspheme Moses, and even God.' " (Acts 6:8-11). We see the Jewish people oppose Stephen with hard hearts not open to and not believing the work of the Holy Spirit that was powerfully demonstrated through him. Stephen is then arrested and taken before the high priest and speaks with the power of the Holy Spirit and rebukes the people because of their hard hearts. "The Jewish leaders were infuriated by Stephen's accusation, and they shook their fists at him in rage. But Stephen, full of the Holy Spirit, gazed steadily into heaven and saw the glory of God, and he saw Jesus standing in the place of honor at God's right hand. And he told them 'Look, I see the heavens opened and the Son of Man standing in the place of honor at God's right hand!' Then they put their hands over their ears and began shouting. They rushed at him and dragged him out of the city and began to stone him… As they stoned him, Stephen prayed, 'Lord Jesus, receive my spirit.' He fell to his knees shouting, 'Lord, don't charge them with this sin!' And with that, he died." (Acts 7:54-60). Stephen was a living demonstration of one who had received the Holy Spirit through the New Covenant established through Jesus. It was not by his own strength he performed amazing miracles and signs but it was the power of the Spirit at work in him. As previously mentioned in Acts 1:8 "But you will receive power when the Holy Spirit comes upon you." That is exactly what happened, he received power and performed miracles and signs so that Jesus would be glorified. It was Stephen's goal to convince the Jews of this great news that they too could have what he had, but because of their hardened hearts they opposed the idea of it. Now not all Jews were like this, this is just one side of the coin. There were many Jews who came to believe. Example, "As Paul's custom, he went to the synagogue service, and for three Sabbaths in a row he used the Scriptures to reason with the people. He explained the prophecies and proved that the Messiah must suffer and rise from the dead. He said, 'This Jesus I'm telling you about is the Messiah.' Some of the Jews who listened were persuaded and joined Paul and Silas…" (Acts 17:2-4). This shows a distinct fluctuation within the Jews, some simply opposed and some believed. 

The second major change for the Jews was the state of being united with the Gentiles. There was a dynamic growth happening as the message of Christ and the power of the Holy Spirit broke down the age-old cultural barriers between Jews and Gentiles. "For Christ himself has brought peace to us. He united Jews and Gentiles into one people when, in his own body on the cross, he broke down the wall of hostility that separated us." (Ephesians 2:14). Now that the barrier had been broken it didn't mean Jews and Gentiles lived in complete harmony. It was actually quite the opposite, though they were one in Christ they still had conflicts with each other. "But when Peter came to Antioch, I had to oppose him to his face, for what he did was very wrong. When he first arrived, he ate with the Gentile Christians, who were not circumcised. But afterward, when some friends of James came, Peter wouldn't eat with the Gentiles anymore. He was afraid of criticism from these people who insisted on the necessity of circumcision. As a result, other Jewish Christians followed Peter's hypocrisy, and even Barnabas was led astray by their hypocrisy. When I saw that they were not following the truth of the gospel message, I said to Peter in front of all the others, 'Since you, a Jew by birth, have discarded the Jewish laws and are living like a Gentile, why are you now trying to make these Gentiles follow the Jewish traditions?' " (Galatians 2:11-14). Circumcision was highly valued in Jewish tradition and in the early church this brought lots of controversy. Other conflicts between the Jews and Gentiles in the church were "In the same way, some think one day is more holy than another day, while others think every day is alike… Don't tear apart the work of God over what you eat." (Romans 14:5;20). This clearly shows there were arguments over the sabbath day and certain foods. 

Life for the Gentiles actually became easier because, even though they were blessed through the promises of Abraham in the Old Testament the total fulfilment and recognition of being fully grafted into God's family came under the New Covenant. "And now you Gentiles, who were branches from a wild olive tree, have been grafted in. So now you also receive the blessing God has promised Abraham and his children, sharing in the rich nourishment from the root of God's special olive tree." (Romans 11:17). 

What are you equipped, called, inspired to do, with the help of the Holy Spirit? What fruit of the spirit/gift of the spirit are evident in your life, what areas would you like to see growth in?

Jesus makes it super clear we are called and commissioned to share the good news of Jesus with all people. "I have been given all authority in heaven and on earth. Therefore, go and make disciples of all the nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit. Teach these new disciples to obey all the commands I have given you. And be sure of this; I am with you always, even to the end of the age." Matthew 28:18-20.  We are also commanded "Imitate God, therefore, in everything you do, because you are his dear children. Live a life filled with love, following the example of Christ. He loved us and offered himself as a sacrifice for us, a pleasing aroma to God. (Ephesians 5:1-2).  There is a song that expresses very clearly why we honour the Father, Son and Holy Spirit. "For the honour of the Father who reaches out to us that we might live inside his love, he gave his only Son. For the honour of the Saviour let the cross be lifted high, the great exchange of love and grace came down to give us life. For the honour of the Spirit whose power lives in us, that we might see much greater things as we embrace Your love. For the honour of Your kingdom whose reign will never end, we'll give our lives in sacrifice until You come again." We are to be representatives of Jesus here on earth and bring honour to Him through all areas of our lives, in our personal lives, in our relationships, jobs, schools, etc. He has given us his Spirit to help shape our character so that we are more like him. "For the Holy Spirit produces this kind of fruit in our lives: love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control." (Galatians 5:22) and the more we allow the Holy Spirit to work in our lives, the more fruit we will see produced!

Paul's Epistles

Galatians

1. What is the church being written to like? What are it's strengths and weaknesses? Is this Church, or Paul's time in this location mentioned in Acts?

1:6 

"I am shocked that you are turning away so soon from God, who called you to himself through the loving mercy of Christ. You are following a different way that pretends to be the Good News but is not the Good News at all. You are being fooled by those who deliberately twist the truth concerning Christ."

The above verse shows two things about the Church of Galatia. One that they are similar to infants because they are so easily led astray. After Paul preaches the gospel of Christ to them some false teachers come and lead them astray by telling them the way to be saved and accepted is through the law and they believe it. As you can see this would also be a weakness of the church, they did not test what was being said after they received Jesus whom Paul preached. The second thing shown in this verse is that Paul had expected that the believers faith in Galatia would have been stronger than it was. A strength this church did have was they were very hospitable. (4:14) They took Paul in and cared for him. Yes this church is mentioned in Acts. (Acts 14:21-23)

2. What is the main idea of this epistle? Are there key words or repeated ideas that the author uses to highlight the point of his message?

The main idea is summed up in Galatians 5:1 "So Christ has truly set us free. Now make sure that you stay free, and don't get tied up again in slavery to the law." Paul addresses over and over to the church of Galatia that it is by grace they have been saved, they don't need to live under the law anymore because Christ has come. A repeated word throughout Galatians is "circumcision". The false teachers forced the act of circumcision upon the Gentile church because they believed that was the way to be saved and also they wanted to look good and boast about it. (6:12-14) Another repeated idea and key word is the promised Holy Spirit. (3:14) The Holy Spirit now lives inside our hearts and draws us to God our father. (4:6) As we live by the Spirit, the Holy Spirit produces in us good fruit. (5:22) Paul also encourages the believers to stay in step with the Spirit. (5:25) Yes this church is mentioned in Act. (Acts 18:23)

3. What does this epistle show about the character and nature of God?

I see God's grace repeated. (2:16, 20) (2:11) (5:1)

Application

Galatians 5:6

"For when we place our faith in Christ Jesus, there is no benefit in being circumcised or being uncircumcised. What is important is faith expressing itself through in love."

The key thing this verse speaks to me is what matters is that my faith is being expressed in love that overflows from my relationship with Jesus.

Philippians

1. What is the church being written to like? What are it's strengths and weaknesses? Is this Church, or Paul's time in this location mentioned in Acts?

1:3-5, 7

"Every time I think of you, I give thanks to my God. Whenever I pray, I make my requests for all of you with joy, for you have been my partners in spreading the good News about Christ from the time you first heard it until now… So it is right that I should feel as I do about all of you, for you have a special place in my heart. You share with me the special favour of God, both in my imprisonment and in defending and confirming the truth of the Good News"

These verses show that the church in Philippi is faithful in their partnership with Paul in spreading the Good News and not only are they are pleasing to Paul but they have a special place in his heart. One of the strengths found within the church is they are generous with their finances, in fact they are the only church to support Paul financially. (4:15) One of the weaknesses within the church is they seem to be selfish and seeking their own interests. (2:3-4) Yes this church is mentioned in Acts. (Acts 16:11-40)

2. What is the main idea of this epistle? Are there key words or repeated ideas that the author uses to highlight the point of his message?

The main idea is summed up in Philippians 2:5-11

"You must have the same attitude that Christ Jesus had. Though he was God, he did not think equality with God as something to cling to. Instead, he gave up his divine privileges; he took the humble position of a slave and was born as a human being. When he appeared in human form, he humbled himself in obedience to God and died a criminal's death on a cross. Therefore, God elevated him to the place of highest honour and gave him the name above all other names, that at the name Jesus every knee should bow, in heaven and on earth and under the earth, and every tongue confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father."

Though these people were people of status and privilege Paul calls them to live in a manner worthy of Christ, to put Jesus first, serve others second and themselves last. Paul uses Jesus as the example because he is the perfect representation of humility. One of the major repeated words is "rejoice/joy'. Paul himself choses to rejoice even if he loses his life. (2:17) Paul also encourages the believers to rejoice in the Lord no matter what the circumstances may be, there is power in rejoicing (3:1, 4:4) Another repeated word is "citizenship". Paul strongly emphasizes that they are citizens of heaven and should conduct their lives in a manner that is worthy of Christ. (1:27, 3:20)

3. What does this epistle show about the character and nature of God?

In 2:5-11 the character of Jesus is shown. It shows the attitude Christ had when he was on earth and the attitude that is to be reflected.

Application

Reading this book has challenged me and encouraged me to try and reflect the humility of Jesus and also take joy in every circumstance

1 Thessalonians 

1. What is the church being written to like? What are it's strengths and weaknesses? Is this Church, or Paul's time in this location mentioned in Acts?

1:3

"As we pray to our God and Father about you, we think of your faithful work, your loving deeds, and the enduring hope you have because of our Lord Jesus Christ."

This verse shows that the church in Thessalonica are faithful, loving and doing their best to stand firm in their faith. One of the strengths of the church is they are encouraging and building each other up. (5:11) One of the weaknesses within the church is, they seem to be struggling with sexual sin. (4:3) Yes Paul's time in Thessalonica is mentioned in Acts. (Acts 17:1-9)

2. What is the main idea of this epistle? Are there key words or repeated ideas that the author uses to highlight the point of his message?

The main idea is summed up in 4:1

"Finally, dear brothers and sisters, we urge you in the name of the Lord Jesus to live in a way that pleases God, as we have taught you. You live this way already, and we encourage you to do so even-more.

The repeated theme I see is the theme of encouragement.  4:1;11,5:11

3. What does this epistle show about the character and nature of God?

This epistle shows God's yearning for his people to be holy and Paul addresses that. (4:3-4)

2 Thessalonians

1. What is the church being written to like? What are it's strengths and weaknesses? Is this Church, or Paul's time in this location mentioned in Acts?

2:4

"We proudly tell God's other churches about your endurance and faithfulness in all the persecutions and hardships you are suffering."

This verse shows that the church in Thessalonica are standing firm in their faith to the point of enduring persecutions and hardships. One of the strengths within the church is the fact they are not abandoning their faith in the midst of trials. (2:4) One of their weaknesses they seem to struggle with understanding the coming of the Lord. After Paul taught on it in 1 Thessalonians false teachers came and tried to fool the believers in Thessalonica. (2:1-2) Yes Paul's time in Thessalonica is mentioned in Acts. (Acts 17:1-9)

2. What is the main idea of this epistle? Are there key words or repeated ideas that the author uses to highlight the point of his message?

The main idea is summed up in 2:2

"Don't be so easily shaken or alarmed by those who say that the day of the Lord has already begun. Don't believe them, even if they claim to have had a spiritual vision, a revelation, or a letter supposedly from us."

The key theme is about encouragement. 2:15

3. What does this epistle show about the character and nature of God?

It shows God as a enabler. (1:11) He is the one who is all powerful. It also shows God's love and grace. (2:16-17)

1 Corinthians

1. What is the church being written to like? What are it's strengths and weaknesses? Is this Church, or Paul's time in this location mentioned in Acts?

The church in Corinth was in a state of many different conflicts that were threatening the church. The conflicts included division (1:10, 3:21, 6:1), jealousy/quarrelling (3:3) and sexual immorality (5:1). One of the strengths within the church were, they had the humility to ask for help and ask questions about things that they were uncertain about. (1:11, 7:1; 25, 8:1, 12:1) Yes, Paul's time in Corinth is mentioned in the book of Acts. (Acts 18:1-19:1)

2. What is the main idea of this epistle? Are there key words or repeated ideas that the author uses to highlight the point of his message?

The main idea is summed up in 16:14

"And do everything with love."

Paul wants the believers in Corinth to fully understand that the root of everything is love and that is how they are to live with one another. If they were doing everything with love there would be no problems in the church. Chapter 13 is "love" themed, it describes what love is and what love is not, it also relates to what the church was going through by giving a solution on how to overcome the problems. Also the very first verse in chapter 14 says "Let love be your highest goal!" As you can see Paul was highlighting the importance of love.

3. What does this epistle show about the character and nature of God?

Chapter 13 strongly shows God's character displayed through love. Love ultimately comes from God and in order for the believers in Corinth to live a life of love they needed to know and be shown love first so they themselves could love one another. They couldn't give what they didn't have.

2 Corinthians

1. What is the church being written to like? What are it's strengths and weaknesses? Is this Church, or Paul's time in this location mentioned in Acts?

7:7b

"When he told us how much you long to see me, and how sorry you are for what happened, and how loyal you are to me, I was filled with joy!"

This verse shows the repentive heart of the church in Corinth from their previous ways of acting as mentioned in 1 Corinthians. One of the strengths within the church is there is good fruit being produced in their lives. (3:2) One of the weaknesses of the church is believed to be they are not fully loving one another as they should which results in quarrelling,jealousy,anger,etc. (12:20) Yes Paul's time is mentioned in Acts.  (Acts 18:1-19:1)

2. What is the main idea of this epistle? Are there key words or repeated ideas that the author uses to highlight the point of his message?

The main idea is summed up in two verses. 

4:7

"We now have this light shining in our hearts, but we ourselves are like fragile clay jars containing this great treasure. This makes it clear that our great power is from God, not from ourselves."

12:9

"Each time he said, "My grace is all you need. My power works best in weakness." So now I am glad to boast about my weaknesses, so that the power of Christ can work through me."

These two verses go hand in hand with each other, they point to God being the ultimate source of strength. Paul was addressing that it is not about them but the power of Christ in them. The people of Corinth did not fully understand the power of Christ, they were more focused on the worldly expectations of the way Paul presented the Gospel and how it did not suite their culture. Paul tries to change their thinking by focusing on four cultural expectations the Corinthians had and he goes against it. The first cultural expectation Paul opposes is "eloquent speech" for it was the norm. (10:10, 11:6) The second cultural expectation is "Physical impressiveness". (11:30-33) The third cultural expectation is "Paid professional". (11:7-11) Lastly is "Qualified leader" (12). A key word that is repeated is the word "comfort". Paul uses the word comfort 9 times in (1:3-6) in the context of being comforted in times of trouble and suffering for Christ and in return comforting those with the comfort God gives. As you can see there is a huge significance in being comforted by God during hardships for that allows others to comfort others in times of hardships.

3. What does this epistle show about the character and nature of God?

It is in God's character to comfort his people in times of trouble. (1:4) I see that godly sorrow produces true repentance. (7:11)

Romans

1. What is the church being written to like? What are it's strengths and weaknesses? Is this Church, or Paul's time in this location mentioned in Acts?

The church in Rome is made up of both Jews and Gentiles and they don't seem to be living in harmony with one another. (3:29-30, 9:25&27, 15:5) Though there is conflict in the church they are also mature in their faith because of the things Paul addresses which is a deeper theology compared to all the other epistles. (14:1, 15:1) One of the strengths within the church is they are strong in faith and the result of that is their faith is being talked about all over the world. (1:8) Some of the weaknesses within the church are, pride (12:3), arguing over what day is holy and what foods are acceptable (14), and selfishness (15:1). The only link we see to Paul and the Roman church is found in Acts 18:1-3

2. What is the main idea of this epistle? Are there key words or repeated ideas that the author uses to highlight the point of his message?

The main idea of Romans is summed up in two verse.

1:16-17

"For I am not ashamed of this Good News about Christ. It is the power of God at work, saving everyone who believes-the Jew first and also the Gentile. This Good News tells us how God makes us right in his sight. This is accomplished from start to finish by faith. As the Scriptures say "It is through faith that a righteous person has life."

15:7

"Therefore, accept each other just as Christ has accepted you so that God will be given glory."

The book of Romans is a very relational book. It displays that it is by God's grace that everyone is saved through faith. Paul encourages the church to accept each other because that is what Christ did for them. He encourages harmony where there is none. One of the key words and repeated ideas in Romans is the word "faith" and that it is by faith in Christ everyone is made right.  (3:22, 4:5;11;16, 5:2, 10:10 ). As you can see faith is a important key that Paul wanted the church in Rome to fully understand that it's the gift of God for everyone who believes.

3. What does this epistle show about the character and nature of God?

Paul mentioned briefly on God's righteous judgement that will be revealed one day and will judge everyone for all the evil they have done. (2:5-6) Also since everyone is accepted by Christ that shows that there is no favouritism with God. (2:11) The grace of God is highlighted countless times.  (3:22, 4:5;11;16, 5:2, 10:10 ). God's forgiveness and love is shown in (8:1)"So now there is no condemnation for those who belong to Christ Jesus." 

Ephesians

1. What is the church being written to like? What are it's strengths and weaknesses? Is this Church, or Paul's time in this location mentioned in Acts?

The church in Ephesus seems to be an infant church, one that is just starting out because of the things Paul addresses. First off Paul addresses their identities as citizens of heaven and being united with Christ. (2:6) Paul also addresses " throw off your sinful nature and your former way of life, which is corrupted by lust and deception…Put on the new nature, created to be like God-truly righteous and holy." (2:22,24) Though this church is just starting out, there are a few strengths found. They are faithful followers of Christ. (1:1) They are strong in faith and love. (1:15) Some of the weaknesses in the church are, the act of lying and not being truthful (4:25), there is bitterness, rage, anger, harsh words being spoken, slander. (4:31) Yes, Paul's time is mentioned in Acts. (Acts 18:19-19:41)

2. What is the main idea of this epistle? Are there key words or repeated ideas that the author uses to highlight the point of his message?

The main idea is summed up in 2:19-22

"So now you Gentiles are no longer strangers and foreigners. You are citizens along with all God's holy people. You are members of God's family. Together, we are his house, built on the foundation of the apostles and the prophets. And the cornerstone is Christ Jesus himself. We are carefully joined together in him, becoming a holy temple for the Lord. Through him you Gentiles are also made part of this dwelling where God lives by his Spirit."

Paul was making clear the identity issue of being joined into God's family and that their citizenship is of heaven. Also now they too are a dwelling place which God lives by his Spirit. A repeated idea that Paul seems to address is that they are saved by grace through faith in Christ and not works. (2:8-9) It seems that Paul understands the struggles of the Ephesians, because he doesn't come across harsh with his words but rather he encourages them how to live. (4:25-30, 5:1, 5:15-21, 6:10-18)

3. What does this epistle show about the character and nature of God?

This epistle speaks a lot about God's grace.

2:6 "It is only by God's grace that you have been saved." 

2:8 "God saved you by his grace when you believed…"

3:8 "Though I am least deserving of all God's people, he graciously gave me the privilege of telling the Gentiles about the endless treasures available to them in Christ."

Colossians

1. What is the church being written to like? What are it's strengths and weaknesses? Is this Church, or Paul's time in this location mentioned in Acts?

The church in Colosse is very similar to the church in Ephesus. They to seem to be an infant church. Paul encourages the believers to take their salvation a step further in following Jesus and letting their roots grow deep into him so their faith can grow stronger.(2:6-7) One of the church strengths is that they are living as faithful brothers and sisters in Christ (1:1) and also their faith in Christ is strong. (2:5) In-regards to weaknesses they are very similar to the weaknesses of the believers in Ephesus. There seems to be anger, rage, malicious behaviour, slander, and dirty language. (3:8)

2. What is the main idea of this epistle? Are there key words or repeated ideas that the author uses to highlight the point of his message?

The main idea is summed up in 2:10

"So you also are complete through your union with Christ, who is the head over every ruler and authority." 

Paul addresses here in this verse that Jesus is all they need for everything in life, and that he alone is the supremacy. A repeated theme that Paul states is the fact that Christ now lives in them (1:28, 3:11). Now this message of Christ living in them was a secret that had been kept hidden for ages but now has been revealed. (1:26-27) Now that the secret "Christ lives in you" has been revealed Paul goes on to encourage the believers to live lives worthy of God and to reflect the glory of God. (3:12-17) (4:5-6)

3. What does this epistle show about the character and nature of God?

This epistle shows the supremacy of Christ.

1:15 "Christ is the visible image of the invisible God. He existed before anything was created and is supreme over all creation,"

2:9-10  "For in Christ lives all the fullness of God in a human body So you also are complete through your union with Christ, who is the head over every ruler and authority."

2:19b "For he holds the whole body together with its joints and ligaments, and it grows as God nourishes it."

Luke

What do you see in this book that tells you about the original Reader?

Luke specifically addresses his reader in the first chapter to a man named Theophilus. (1:3) Theophilus is believed to be a Gentile and someone who is either a new believer or someone seeking to learn about Jesus. During this period of time the Roman empire was the dominant world power. (2:1, 3:1)

What do you see in this book that tells you about the author?

The Gospel of Luke is anonymous but it is believed by scholars that Luke, a Gentile and doctor and the companion of Paul in Acts is the author of Luke.

What are the main themes and repeated ideas in the book and a one sentence summary of the "main idea"?

Jesus is portrayed as the "Son of Man" that came to seek and save the lost. (19:10)

Luke can be divided up into four parts, the Introduction to the Son of Man (1:1-4:13), the Ministry of the Son of Man (4:14-9:50), the Rejection of the Son of Man (9:51-19:27), and the Crucifixion and the Resurrection of the Son of Man (19:28-24:53). 

Luke has many similarities with the other Synoptic Gospels - Matthew and Mark but also he has a lot of his own material too. A strong emphasis is on Jesus being the Saviour of the whole world and not just the Jewish Messiah. (2:32, 24:27) With that said a certain attention of Jesus' ministry is focused on the poor/outcasts and to women. The reason I grouped the poor and outcast together is because specifically in these days the outcast were the ones who were deaf, blind, lame and had leprosy, etc and they were automatically poor and would have to to beg. 

Countless times we see Jesus' heart of compassion and powerful hand to heal. For example Jesus casts out demons (4:31-37), Jesus heals Peter's mother-in-law (4:38-39), Jesus heals a man of leprosy (5:12-15) etc. We also see the value of women throughout the book of Luke. Mary the mother of Jesus is an example of faith, humility and service. (1:26-56) Joanna and Susanna both support Jesus in his ministry by providing material needs. (8:3) Mary who sits at Jesus feet and Martha who is busy preparing food for Jesus. (10:38-42)

Also Jesus does a lot of teaching through many parables. He teaches on a variety of topics that include, repentance, discipleship, stewardship, offences, etc. All those parables are found in chapters 14-17.

What is the primary reason this book was written?

The primary reason Luke was written was to show that Jesus was the "Son of Man" who came to seek and save the lost. (19:10) Also that he is the Saviour of the whole world. (2:32)

What does this book show about the character and nature of God? 

I see God's abundant hand of provision displayed when Jesus tells the fishermen to go out where it is deep and let down their nets after all night of fishing and not catching anything and in result they obey and they caught so many fish the nets began to tear that they had to have another boat help them. Both boats were on the verge of sinking. (5:4-6) Also we see Jesus multiply the 5 loaves of bread and 2 fish and feed over 5000. (9:14-17) Also we see the wisdom of Jesus when the Pharisees and Herodians tried to trap Jesus by asking a question hoping he would answer in a way that would result in him being arrested. Jesus replies with simple wisdom that astounds everybody to the point of silence. (20:20-25)

What does this book show about God's redemptive plan for mankind?

Luke 2:32

"He is a light to reveal God to the nations, and he is the glory of your people Israel!" 

This verse shows that there is redemption for all people.

Luke 19:10

"For the Son of Man came to seek and save those who are lost"

This verse shows that it is in Jesus' heart to bring people back to him and second that he is the one who can bring salvation to all people. Now in order to bing salvation Jesus had to die and rise from the dead. Jesus foreshadows his death and resurrection twice. (9:22, 18:31-33) Now salvation is made complete upon the cross when Jesus says to one of the men who were being crucified with him "I assure you, today you will be with me in paradise." (23:43)

Application

Luke 12:34

"Wherever your treasure is, there the desires of your heart will also be."

This verse challenges me to do a heart check and see what are the things in my heart that I am treasuring over Jesus.

Mark

What do you see in this book that tells you about the original Reader?

The directed audience in the book of Mark is primarily focused on Roman Christians who are undergoing persecution.  During this period of time the Roman empire was the dominant world power. Also compared to all the other Gospels Mark seems to leave out a number of items that the other Gospels specifically address as important to the Jewish people, whereas it was that information that wouldn't of been meaningful to Gentiles. For example: the genealogy of Christ, references to the Law, and certain Jewish customs. So in conclusion the directed audience is primarily Romans Christians.

What do you see in this book that tells you about the author?

The author of Mark does not identify himself. Though it is believed by the early church that Mark also known as John Mark is the author. For it was Mark's house that the early church was using to meet. (Acts 12:12) Mark also accompanied Barnabas and Saul on their journeys and served as their assistant, believed to be translator. He most likely recorded the events as he saw them, so with that said these are the words of Mark but most likely from the viewpoint of Peter, Jesus disciple, because Peter travelled with Jesus and saw the events first hand.

What are the main themes and repeated ideas in the book and a one sentence summary of the "main idea"?

Jesus is portrayed as the supreme Servant in the book of Mark (10:45). Now the book of Mark can be divided up into five parts,  the Presentation of the Servant (1:1-2:12), the Opposition to the Servant (2:13-8:26), the Instruction by the Servant (8:27-10:52), the Rejection of the Servant (11:1-15:47) and the Resurrection of the Servant (16:1-20).

One main theme I see in Mark is that Jesus travelled a lot during his ministry. (1:39, 5:1;21, 6:1;32, 8:13, 10:1, etc) Now the reason behind him travelling so much is because that was one of the main reasons he came was to preach to many people.

(1:38) 

Another main theme and repeated idea is the countless times of the "laying on of hands". Now the two main events for the laying on of hands portrayed is "healing" and "blessing people".

Laying on of hands for healing:

Jesus heals a deaf and speech impediment 7:31-35

Jesus heals a blind man at Bethsaida 8:22-25

Jesus delivers and raises a boy from the dead 9:26-27

Now not all healings were done with the laying on of hands but there is something significant about it. For if there wasn't it wouldn't have been mentioned.

Laying on of hands for blessing:

Jesus holds and blesses little children 10:16

What is the primary reason this book was written?

The primary reason Mark was written was to show Jesus as the supreme Servant. (10:45) We can all learn from Jesus life and we ourselves be servants to one another.

What does this book show about the character and nature of God? 

We see Jesus' heart of compassion for his lost and hurting people. (1:41, 6:34) Also when Jesus told the paralyzed man that "your sins are forgiven" the teachers of religious law thought to themselves " What is he saying? This is blasphemy! Only God can forgive sins!" It says in (2:8) "Jesus knew immediately what they were thinking…" this shows that Jesus is omniscient. Also Jesus teaches the importance of quiet times through his relationship with his heavenly father. (6:46)

What does this book show about God's redemptive plan for mankind?

Jesus himself quotes four times his death and resurrection. (8:31-32, 9:31, 10:33-34, 14:24-25)

Application

Mark 4:24-25

"Pay close attention to what you hear. The closer you listen, the more understanding you will be given-and you will receive even more. To those who listen to my teaching, more understanding will be given…"

It is said that faith comes by hearing and hearing comes by reading the word. With that said I want to know more of who Jesus is through his scriptures but I can't get the revelation on my own it is something that the Holy Spirit has to do. This verse has challenged me to get in the word more and spend time with Jesus so that I can know him more.

Matthew

What do you see in this book that tells you about the original Reader?

The main focus in the book of Matthew is directed towards Jewish readers. The book of Matthew offers unquestionable proof as Jesus as the long awaited Messiah who fulfills the prophecies of the Old Testament. Jesus spent the majority of his time with Jewish people and also commanded that his disciples only preach to their own people. (10:5-7) In conclusion we see that the original reader is primarily the Jewish people.

What do you see in this book that tells you about the author?

There is no strong evidence on who the exact author is. Though it is believed by church tradition that Matthew, Jesus disciple is the author. Before Matthew became a disciple of Jesus, Matthew was a jewish tax collector in Capernaum for the Roman government. (9:9-13) As a tax collector you would probably keep well records and notes of what went on around you. In conclusion the character of Matthew seems to fit well with the Gospel.

What are the main themes and repeated ideas in the book and a one sentence summary of the "main idea"?

The book of Matthew has 5 main discourses, the Sermon on the Mount (5:3-7:27), Instruction of the Disciples (10:5-42), Parables of the Kingdom (13:3-52), Terms of Discipleship (18:3-35), and the Olivet Discourse (24:4-25:46). Now though these are the main key topical discourses, faith is a big repeated idea throughout the book. Both great faith and little faith are addressed countless times. For example in (8:5-13) a Roman officer pleads with Jesus that his young servant is paralyzed and in terrible pain and Jesus says "I will come and heal him" the officer responds "Lord, I am not worthy to have you come into my home. Just say the word from where you are, and my servant will be healed." in result Jesus was pleased with the officer's great faith and healed the servant from where he talked to the officer. In (9:19-22) a woman who suffered from constant bleeding for 12 years touches Jesus robe in a crowd because she knew if she could touch his robe she would be healed. In result Jesus is pleased with her faith and she is made well. In (14:28-32) Jesus is walking on water during the storm when the disciples are in the boat and Jesus calls to Peter to come to him and so Peter steps out of the boat and when he takes his eyes off Jesus he begins to sink and in result Jesus addresses that he has little faith and that he should not have doubted Jesus. As you can see faith is a main repeated theme throughout the book.

Another repeated theme throughout Matthew is the countless healings and miracles Jesus does.
Healing on the sabbath of the man with a shrivelled hand 12:13
Healing of the demon possed man who was blind and mute 12:22
Healing of a man with leprosy 8:2-3
Multiplication of the bread and fish 14:19-21, 15:33-38

What is the primary reason this book was written?

The primary reason the book of Matthew was written was to show the Jewish people that Jesus was the messiah that had been prophesied about in the Old Testament and that he came to fulfill their purposes. (5:17)

What does this book show about the character and nature of God?

God tends to speak to people in dreams in the beginning of the book. (1:20, 2:12, 2:13, 2:19, 2:22)
We see that Jesus is full of compassion. In 8:2-3 a man with leprosy says to Jesus if you are willing,  you can heal me and make me clean and Jesus responds "I am willing,". It is in God's character and nature to heal. Also Jesus has authority over everything. (8:26, 8:28-32) Jesus also shows his righteous anger when he gets to the Temple and sees it being used for the wrong purpose. (21:12-13) As you can see these are some of the characteristics and nature of God displayed throughout the book of Matthew.

What does this book show about God's redemptive plan for mankind?

8:11-12
"And I tell you this, that many Gentiles will come from all over the world- from east and west-and sit down with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob at the feast in the Kingdom of Heaven. But many Israelites-those for whom the Kingdom was prepared-will be thrown into outer darkness..."

These verses indicate that their is going to be redemption for the Gentiles specifically and that they will be grafted into the promises of Israel.

5:17
"Don't misunderstand why I have come. I did not come to abolish the law of Moses or the writings of the prophets. No I came to accomplish their purpose." We know that the prophets all foretold the death and resurrection of the messiah and Jesus himself quotes his death and resurrection. (12:40, 17:22-23, 20:18-19)


Personal Application

One of the things that has stuck out and also challenged me is to strengthen my quiet times. I noticed twice that Jesus got away and made time for him and his father in Matthew. Quiet times are important and if Jesus did it then I should be doing it too.

Prophets Part 3

Ezra
The book of Ezra is God fulfilling his promise to return his people to the Promise Land after seventy years of exile. This is Israel's second exodus though this one was from Babylon. Ezra takes place during the reign of the Persian Empire. In 538 the Persians overtook the Babylonians and King Cyrus of Persia allowed Israel to return home to rebuild the Temple of the Lord.  Only a remnant choose to leave. The book of Ezra is divided up into two sections each section with a return of God's people. The return and restoration of the Temple of God led by Zerubbabel (1:1-6:22) and a second return and restoration of the People of God led under Ezra (7:1-10:44) Ezra was both a priest and scribe from the line of Aaron the high priest. Ezra is not specifically mentioned as the author but Jewish tradition points to Ezra to be the author.

Character and Nature of God
God fulfills his promise 1:2-4
God's favor and blessing 7:8-10, 9:9
God's protection 8:31-32

Redemptive Plan
Celebration of the Passover Lamb 7:19-21


Nehemiah
The book of Nehemiah is a sequel to the book of Ezra. Nehemiah was the Kings cup bearer whose job was to protect the king from being poisoned. It focuses on the third return from exile in 444 BC when Nehemiah finds favour from King Artzaxerxes to go to Jerusalem and rebuild the city (1:8).  While Ezra dealt with the religious restorarion of Israel, Nehemiah's concern was the political and geographical restoration. He served as a governor. The book is divided up into two sections, the Reconstruction of the Wall (1:1-7:73) and the Restoration of the People (8:1-13:31).

Character and Nature of God
God's favor and grace 1:8
God's  blessing and providence 6:15-16
God's mercy repeated 9

Redemptive Plan
not sure

Application
Reading through Nehemiah, I am reminded of God's desire for relationship and that he takes covenants seriously. This encourages but also challenges me to keep building my relationship with God.


Esther
The book of Esther is recorded during the reign of King Xerxes. A vast majority of Jews chose to remain in Persia rather than go back to Jerusalem. God is not mentioned once in the book of Esther but we do see his faithful hand at work through his people. God raises up Esther a poor orphaned refugee who wins the heart of King Xerxes and becomes queen. When threat is raised against all Jews in Persia by the issue of their destruction, Esther lays her life on the line for them. We then see the evil plans of Haman backfire because of the faithfulness of God and in result there is a great victory for the Jews. Mordecai, Esther's cousin plays a important role in this book as one who saves the kings life. The author of Esther is unknown, but it is believed to be someone of Jewish descent.

Character and Nature of God
God's sovereignty (Esther becomes queen) 2:16-17
God's sovereignty (Esther approaches the king) 5:2
God's sovereignty (Mordecai's event discovered) 6:1-2
God's protection and blessing 9:1-5
God's providence 10:25-26

Redemptive Plan
New decree made for the Jews to stand against their enemies 7:7-17

Application
Reading through Esther, I see that God is faithful and everyone has a part to play in God's plan. The question I take away from reading this book is, God what is my part to play in your story? I know God has big plans for me and I need to continually seek him and have a heart posture opened to God and trust his timing and when he does speak walk out in obedience


Haggai
The prophet Haggai delivered his messages God spoke to him in 520 BC, specifically to Zerubbabel during the re-building of the Lord's Temple. At this time in history the people of Israel had been back in their land for eighteen years and in the second year of being back they began the re-building of the Temple. Sixteen years goes by and the Temple is still not complete. They had opposition from their neighbours and in result they stopped building the Temple and focused on their own homes. God withholds his blessing from his people because they were not obedient and became selfish (1:9).  The people receive Haggai's prophecy and begin to complete the Temple for good. It is believed that Haggai the prophet wrote this book.

Character and Nature of God
God's jealousy 1:4
God withholds blessing 1:9-11
God's encouragement 2:4-6

Redemptive Plan
Jesus is portrayed through Zerubbabel 2:23


Zechariah
Zechariah was a prophet who was the son of Berekiah and grandson of Iddo. Zechariah also descended from a line of priests known as the Levites. The book of Zechariah should be read together with Ezra and Haggai because he was a contemporary to them. Zechariah encouraged the people of God to complete the Temple because it was a very important task and one day the Messiah would inhabit it. The book of Zechariah can be broken down into two parts, The encouragement to those re-building them Temple (1-8) Prophecy anticipating of the coming Messiah (9-14).

Character and Nature of God
God's heart for relationship 1:2-4
God is caring and just 2:8-9
God's heart 7:9-10
God is protector and warrior 9:15
God is sovereign 10:12, 12:1-14

Redemptive Plan
Israel will overflow with prosperity again and be comforted 2:17
Purification of sins 3:4
Jesus foretold and shadows him atoning for sin 3:8-10
Restoration of people and land 8:3-6
Jesus shadowed 9:9, 13:1


Malachi
The book of Malachi takes place roughly a couple years after Nehemiah. Both the Temple of the Lord and the city have been re-built. The people of God have fallen away from God and are in a place of spiritual complacency and are doing what is right in their own eyes. God raises up Malachi the prophet to prophecy God's judgement against the people of God because of their wickedness and abandonment to following and serving God whole heartedly. Malachi is broken down into three parts, The Privilege of the Nation (1:1-5), The Pollution of the Nation (1:6-3:15), The Promises to the Nation (3:16-4:6). Malachi is not a proper name, it means "my messenger" which may have been the actual name of the prophet or may have been used as a honorific title, no one really knows though. Whether Malachi was his name, it is believed that he wrote this book.

Character and Nature of God
God's love remains faithful 1:2
God does not change 3:6

Redemptive Plan
God shadows John the baptist to prepare the way for Jesus 3:1
God will restore family 4:5-6

Application
Reading through Malachi really stirred my heart in the area of God desires us to follow and serve him whole heartedly. He wants us to honor him above all else, and he rightfully deserves that place in our lives. This book has challenged me to re-focus my priorities, what they are and how they should be arranged. It is my desire to honor Jesus and make sure he is first in my life.

The Prophets Part 2

Jeremiah
The book of Jeremiah is a heart filled prophecy of a man who was called in his youth to deliver God's message of judgement and repentance to mainly Judah but also Israel and the surrounding foreign nations. Jeremiah was the son of Hilkiah, one of the priests from the town of Anathoth. God destined and appointed Jeremiah to be a prophet before he was born. (1:5) Jeremiah dedicated his whole life to the call of God. Filled with great love and compassion for God's people, Jeremiah focuses on wooing the people back to a loving relationship with God through many tearful speeches. Jeremiah faced many great trials, he was threatened and imprisoned many times by his countrymen yet he still was obedient to God's mission for him. Jeremiah's ministry was during the reigns of Josiah, Jehoahaz, Jehoiakim, Jehoiachin, and Zedekiah were kings of Judah. Jeremiah is broken up into four parts, the first part is the call of Jeremiah, the second part is the prophecies to Judah about condemnation and restoration, the third part is the prophecies to the foreign nations and the last part is the fall of Jerusalem.


Character and Nature of God:
God's encouragement and comfort towards Jeremiah's call     1:7-8, 18-19
God calls Israel back home for he is merciful   3:12
God is favourable   5:1
God is compassionate   12:15
God's righteous anger 15:6-9
God's faithfulness and warning 15:19-21
God's anger and judgement  21:3-14, 23:2, 25:7-12, 34:17-22, 46-51

Redemptive Plan:
God's plan to bring each nation home 12:15
Jesus foreshadowed  23:5-7, 33:15-16
God's plan to establish Israel as his people again  24:4-7
God's plan to set Israel free 30:8-11, 30:18-21
New Covenant to be established   31:33-34


Lamentations
The book of Lamentations is a book of mourning. The Holy City Jerusalem has just fallen to the Babylonians. The deep emotions are expressed through the author as one who has seen the destruction of Jerusalem, slaughter of many people and the enslavement of others. This book is broken up into five chapters and can be titled as 1: the destruction of Jerusalem, 2: the anger of God, 3: the prayer for mercy, 4: the siege of Jerusalem,  and 5: the prayer for restoration. In chapter 3:19-49 and 3:55-60 expresses some hope and faith in the fallen city of Jerusalem.

Character and Nature of God
God's righteous anger 2:2
God's providence 2:17
God's faithfulness and mercy 3:22-23

Redemptive Plan
Punishment will end soon 4:22


Zephaniah
The book of Zephaniah is a prophecy about the coming day of the Lord, a day where God is going to deal with sin. Israel and the gentiles will experience the wrath of God but then blessing will come from Jesus. Zephaniah is divided into two parts, the judgement in the day of the Lord (1:1-3:8) and the salvation in the day of the Lord (3:9-20)

Character and Nature of God
God's judgement 1:1-3:8
God is righteous 3:5
God's faithfulness and love 3:17

Redemptive Plan
God will restore prosperity 2:7
God will purify 3:9
God will bring home and restore his people 3:20

Application
Zephaniah 3:17 talks about God delighting and singing over us. This is a timeless truth and I feel like God is wanting to constantly remind me of this, that I may walk out in the fulness of this truth knowing that he rejoices and sings over me. The more I receive this truth the more I will be bale to allow God to work through me and overflow his presence into others lives, so that I may be a blessing to them. This also ties into my point of passion in regards to having a heart for youth. As I said as I learn to believe and walk out in this truth more I will be able to be a better example.


Habakkuk
The book of Habakkuk is different from all other prophet books because this book is a special dialogue between Habakkuk and God. Habakkuk never once addresses the people of Judah rather he address God with issues on injustice and evil. This book is broken into two parts. The first two chapters are the problems Habakkuk addresses and God responds and the last chapter is the praise of Habakkuk. God reaffirms his character to Habakkuk and in doing so this changes Habakkuk's view on life, instead of letting the troubled circumstances shape his perspective of God, God's faithful trustworthy character shapes the way he looks at circumstances.

Character and Nature of God
God's providence 1:6
God's judgement must come 2:2-20

Redemptive Plan
n/a



Obadiah
The book of Obadiah is the shortest book in the old testament. The book portrays Edom's day of judgment because they opposed God's people for many generations. The first 18 verses speak of the judgement to Edom and the last 3 verses speak of the restoration of Israel.

Character and Nature of God
God's judgement 1:1-18

Redemptive Plan
God will bring Israel back to their inheritance 1:17

Ezekiel

The book of Ezekiel was written while Ezekiel was in Babylon in exile. Ezekiel was the son of Buzi, who was from a line of priests. It was there in Babylon during the exile that God spoke to Ezekiel in visions and called him to be a prophet. The book of Ezekiel can be broken down into four parts: the call and commission of Ezekiel (1-3), the judgment on Judah (4-24), the judgement on the gentiles (25-32), and the restoration of Israel (33-48). The literature of Ezekiel is expressed in many different ways: symbolism, visions, allegories, and parables. The heart of the message in Ezekiel is that God desires his people to repent and turn from their wicked ways and live! (18:32) Though if they do not turn back to God, he will judge them (18:23-24). In result God prophecies through Ezekiel the doom awaited for all people, hoping that the people will repent. Though the majority of the book speaks of judgement God does give a glance of hope in a vision to Ezekiel about the restoration of mankind (37:1-14).

Character and Nature of God

God is not limited to one place or one people, He goes where he chooses      chapter 1

God's judgement  chapter 7, 15:8, 16:43, 20:32-38, 22:17-22, etc

God is all knowing 11:5

God can do anything 8:3

God forgives 16:63

God is a God of detail and order 40-48

Redemptive plan

God will restore Israel and bring them back to their homeland 11:17, 34:25-32

Jesus coming as the judge 21:27

Israel will be revived 29:21, 37:4-6;9

Cleansing 36:25-27

Jesus foreshadowed 37:24-28

Salvation through 46:8-10

Application

Ezekiel has really challenged me to get in the word more. For God's word is life to our bones and spirits, it is what makes us live. God desires that we live, so I am asking God for a deeper hunger for his word because it truly is life to our bones

Daniel

The book of Daniel is about a young Jewish teenager who was taken captive to Babylon in 605 BC. The book of Daniel is about God's sovereignty in the affairs of world history. God shows himself that he is God and his kingdom is going to reign forever. Daniel ministered for the full 70 year exile as a prophet and royal counselor under Babylon and also under the Medes and Persians after they overthrew Babylon in 539 BC. Daniel is divided into two sections, the first 6 chapters Daniel serves as an interpreter of dreams and starts to get rank in Babylon. He serves faithfully and starts to influence the top rulers in Babylon along with his friends. Daniel and his friends (Shadrach, Meshach and Abednego) remained faithful to God in the midst of the turmoil their people were undergoing and made a very powerful impact on the pagan societies. The second section of Daniel God gives Daniel dreams. God shows Daniel the plans of redemption for his people through the fall of Babylon, Medes, Persians, Greek and the Roman kingdoms. God shows him that He is going to break into the kingdoms with the coming Messiah.

Character and Nature of God

God gives giftings 1:17

God's sovereignty and providence 2:20-23;44

God's deliverance and protection 3:27

God humbles 4:33-37

Redemptive Plan

God fulfills Jeremiah's words 9:2-3

Jesus death foreshadowed 9:26

Cleansing 12:10

Application

Reading about Daniel and seeing his faithfulness and love to God is so incredible. Not once is something negative mentioned about him. I want to have a relationship with God like Daniel did. God was his first priority and I want God to be mine. Daniel has challenged me to pursue a deeper relationship with God

Prophets Part 1

Hosea
The book of Hosea is written specifcally to the Northern kingdom of Israel. God uses hosea, the author of this book to speak and act on behalf of God. Israel is in a current period of separation to God and they are following their own evil desires led under kings Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz and Hezekiah, Jeraboam son of Jehoash was king over Israel. God instructs Hosea the prophet to marry a prostitute. The reason behind this is, to illustrate how Israel had acted like a prostitute by turning away from God and worshiping other gods. (Hos 1:2) All in all we see repeatedly God does not tolerate sin but also God's faithfulness established through his steadfast love.

Character and Nature of God:

Faithfulness and promises to unite. Hos 1:10-11

Patience. Hos 2:14-15

God wants our hearts. Hos 6:6 

Redemptive plan:

God's redemptive plan is expressed in 11:9 " No I will not unleash my fierce anger. I will not completely destroy Israel, for I am God and not a mere mortal" God says in this verse that he will not completely destroy Israel because if he did he would break his promise to the dynasty of David and there would be no saviour

Amos

Amos is a poetic book dircted to the Northern kingdom of Israel. it was written in the end time of Jeroboam II. During this time Israel was enjoying a rich economic growth and prosperity. Amos was from Judah and he challenged Israel's materialistic greed and lack of care for the poor. His message was a warning for Israel to repent. Not only was this message directed to Israel but also for Judah and the surrounding nations.

Character and Nature of God:

God's judgement towards nations 1:3-2:16

God's heart cry for his people 5:4-6, 14

God is righteous and desires people to live right 5:24

Redemptive plan:

Jesus foretold 9:11

Jonah

The book of Jonah was written during the reign of Jeroboam II, king of Israel. At this time in history Israel had regained its influence. God speaks to Jonah to go to Nineveh, the capital of Assyria and announce the Lord's judgement against Nineveh because of their wickedness. (1:2) This book shows God's heart for even the worst of people, extending his grace and mercy. God's main truth to be observed is, it is god's desire for all people to know him.

Character and Nature of God:

Sovereignty of God with the sailors casting lots 1:7

God's power and authority with the storm and fish 1:17

God's mercy and grace towards Nineveh 7:10

Redemptive plan:

Nahum

Nahum is the sequel to the book of Jonah. it was written roughly 100-150 years after Jonah. Assyria at this time had fallen back into sin and they were living in arrogance and pride becuase they were one of the strongest nations on the face of the earth. God's message spoken through Nahum is directed towards Nineveh but is intended for Judah. It illustrates that God will restore good permanently and that evil is not always going to triumph over good but in the end good will prevail.

Character and Nature of God:

God is supreme and a there is none like him 1

Redemptive plan:

God says he is going to break the yoke of bondage and oppression off Israel 1:15-2:2 

Micah

The book of micah is written primarily to the Southern kingdom of Judah. Micah warns Judah that judegment is coming becuase they have rejected God and the covenant. This book was written in the time of Jotham, Ahaz and Hezikiah were kings of Judah. The book alternates between words of judgement and destruction to mercy and restoration. God shows his heart in 6:8 on how people should live. 

Character and Nature of God:

God is holy and does not tolerate unrighteousness 1:6-7

God is sovereign 4:1

Redemptive plan:

Birth of Jesus foretold 5:2-5

Joel

The book of Joel was written to the people of Judah. Joel encouraged and urged the people to turn back to God. God desires intimacy with his people. (2:13) The time frame of Joel is still undecided, nobody really is certain. Joel is called by God to speak on behalf of God and bring the people back. (1:1)

Character and Nature of God:

God's mercy and compassion 2:13

God's judgement he promised 3:1-8

God's favor 3:20-21

Redemptive plan:

God promises his faithfulness and restoration. He foreshadows the H.S 2:23-29

Isaiah

Isaiah is a huge part in the bible. It speaks a lot of the Messiah and the Messianic Age. Isaiah's name means "Yaweh is salvation". So his name summarizes the content of the book. Isaiah son of Amoz is the author and sees God. (6:1) The first 39 chapters speak about judgement upon Judah and the surrounding nations because of their sin. The last 27 chapters declare a message of hope and comfort. Isaiah was a prophet during the reign of Uzziah, Jotham, Aahaz and Hezekiah were the kings of Judah.

Character and Nature of God:
God desires our hearts, hates sin and is faithful to cleanse us 1:9-31
God is sovereign 46:10
Holy God and can't be compared 40:25
God is our Rock and there is no other 44:6-8
God protects and honors 62:3

Redemptive plan:
Jesus' death upon a cross 6:6-7
Birth of Jesus 7:13-14
Birth of Jesus and his kingdom ruling on earth 9:6-7
Jesus from the line of David

Song of Songs

The book of Song of Songs is a very poetic book that focuses on the theme of romance. It addresses sex and marriage as it should be. It written in a way that expresses the heart felt emotions of the bride and bridegroom and shows the beautiful picture of the physical side of love. (SoS 1:2-4, 1:10) Not only does this book encourage and help strengthen your level of intimacy in your marriage but it also encourages the single person to stay pure until marriage. (Sos 2:7, 8:8-9)

Ecclesiastes

The main theme that Ecclesiastes addresses is everything here on earth is meaningless. (Ecc 1:14) It is written by Solomon one of the wisest men on earth who was king David's son. Though it is written in his later years after ruling. (Ecc 1:12) The book describes the author's search to find the true meaning of life, the question we all face. In his attempt he concludes that apart from God, life has no meaning. (Ecc 12:13) This book is directed to the person who has yet to find God, even though people who know God can still learn from the truths displayed in this book.

Proverbs Summary

The book of Proverbs is one of the biggest wisdom literatures in the bible. This book is filled with many truisms that gives applicable advice for the heart and for a variety of life situations one may face. For example, it gives advice on managing money, knowing who and what a true friend is, principles for strengthening marriage, how to live a godly life and so much more. There are also a lot of contrasts made throughout this book. Foolishness and wisdom, laziness and diligence, adultery and faithfulness, right and wrong use of the tongue, etc. Overall the purpose of Proverbs is "to teach people to live disciplined and successful lives, to help them do what is right, just and fair." (Proverbs 1:3)

Kings of Judah

King Solomon

Name of king: King Solomon

Year of reign: (40 years) 970-930 BC 1 Kings 11:42

Mostly good 1 Kings 3:3

1. 

BATTLES: 

N/A

ALLIANCES: 

Pharaoh, King of Egypt - 1 Kings 3:1

Queen Shela - 1 Kings 10:13

OTHER EVENTS: 

Solomon built the Lord's Temple - 1 Kings 6-8:63

Did a lot of building projects (Hazor, Megiddo, Gezzer)

Conscripted taxes labor for building projects

2. 

PROPHET’S NAME: 

Nathan and Ahijah

MESSAGE: 

God says to Ahijah that he is going to tear the kingdom from Solomon because Solomon turned from God in his end days. God does not take the entire kingdom from him until he dies though

RESPONDS:

Solomon tried to kill Jeraboam 1 Kings 11:40

FULFILLED:

N/A

4.

REMARKS:

5.

LEADERSHIP APPLICATION:

Solomon asked for wisdom when made king so he would know how to govern people. In the same way I think all leaders should ask God for godly wisdom.

King Rehoboam

Name of king: King Rehoboam

Year of reign: (17 years) 930-913 BC 1 Kings 14:21, 2 Chronicles 9:31-12:16

Evil 1 Kings 14:22 

1. 

BATTLES: 

Attacked by Egypt (king shishak) 1 Kings 14:25-26

ALLIANCES: 

N/A

OTHER EVENTS: 

Followed other god's and built pillars and shrines. Also allowed prostitution

 1 Kings 14:23-24

2. 

PROPHET’S NAME: 

Shemaiah - man of God

Iddo the Seer

MESSAGE: 

Shemaiah - Do not fight against your relatives, go home, it was all planned by God 

RESPONDS:

King Rehoboam obeys Shemaiah     1 Kings 11:4

4.

REMARKS:

Rehoboam did evil in the Lord's sight

5.

LEADERSHIP APPLICATION:

Rehoboam did not follow the Lord, so he is not a good example for how we should live our lives

King Abijah

1 Kings 15:1-8, 2 Chronicles 13:1-14:1

Year of reign: (3 years) 913-910 BC

Evil king

1. 

BATTLES: 

Israel (Jeroboam)

ALLIANCES: 

N/A

OTHER EVENTS: 

N/A

2. 

PROPHET’S NAME: 

Iddo the Seer

MESSAGE: 

N/A

RESPONDS:

N/A

FULFILLED:

4.

REMARKS:

N/A

5.

LEADERSHIP APPLICATION:

We see Abijah cry out to the Lord in the midst of war and God answers him. Abijah trusted in the Lord of his ancestors

King Asa

1 Kings 15:9-24, 2 chronicles 14:1-16:14 

Year of reign: (41 years) 910-869 BC

Good king

1. 

BATTLES: 

Attacked by Ethiopia 

Invasion of Israel (king Baasha)

ALLIANCES: 

Syria (king Ben-hadad)

OTHER EVENTS: 

King Asa deposes his grandmother from her position of queen because of her wickedness

2. 

PROPHET’S NAME: 

Azariah, son of Obed

Hanai

MESSAGE: 

1. Azariah says to king Asa that for as long as you stay with God he will stay with you but if you leave God he will leave you. He then encourages him to stay strong and courageous and the result is he will be blessed

2. Hanani rebukes king Asa because of the treaty he made with the Syrian king. He chose to trust in Syria opposed to God for protection against Israel. He declares that he will now be at war

RESPONDS:

1. King Asa receives the word from Azariah and takes action and removes all false idols and he and the tribes of Judah, Benjamin, Ephraim, Manasseh and Simeon enter into a covenant with God.

2. King Asa responds to Hanani by throwing him in prison because what Hanani said to him angered him. King Asa also began to oppress some of his people.

FULFILLED:

God gives King Asa and Judah rest from all their enemies

4.

REMARKS:

N/A

5.

LEADERSHIP APPLICATION:

We see King Asa trust in God in times of war. We also see his obedience to God throughout the majority of his life. Towards the end he trusts rather in man than God and suffers the consequences.

King Jehoshaphat

1 Kings 22:41-50, 2 chronicles 17:1-21:1 

Year of reign: (25 years) 872-848 BC

Good king

1. 

BATTLES: 

Syria

ALLIANCES: 

Israel (king Ahab)

Israel (king Ahaziah)

OTHER EVENTS: 

Makes peace with kings of Israel

Sent officials to teach the Law of the Lord

Encourages people to follow God

2. 

PROPHET’S NAME: 

1. Jehu son of Hanani

2. Jahaziel

3. Eliezer

MESSAGE: 

1. Jehu goes out to meet Jehoshaphat and rebukes him about his alliance with Israel. He says God is angry because of what he has done but because of his faithfulness to God there is some good for him

2. Jahaziel says to Jehoshaphat that the battle they are about to fight against Edom is not theirs but God's. He encourages them to go and watch the Lord win the battle for them.

3. Eliezer says God is going to destroy his work because of his alliance with Israel

RESPONDS:

1. N/A

2. He and all Jerusalem and Judah bow down and worship God. They trust in God and go out to battle and worship and watch the Lord win the battle

3. N/A

FULFILLED:

The ships that he and the king of Israel made got destroyed and were never put out to see

4.

REMARKS:

N/A

5.

LEADERSHIP APPLICATION:

Jehoshaphat was a godly man who followed the ways of God most of his life. He trusted God and was obedient most of his days

King Jehoram

2 Kings 8:16-24, 2 chronicles 21:1-20 

Year of reign: (8 years) 852-842 BC

Wicked king

1. 

BATTLES: 

Edomites

ALLIANCES: 

N/A

OTHER EVENTS: 

Killed his brothers and some leaders of Judah

2. 

PROPHET’S NAME: 

Elijah

MESSAGE: 

Elijah writes King Jehoram a letter. He says that because he has done evil and turned people from God that God is going to take everything he has and he will die of intestinal disease.

RESPONDS:

1. N/A

3. N/A

FULFILLED:

King Jehoram is attacked by his enemies and he loses everything but youngest son Ahaziah and he dies of a intestinal disease

4.

REMARKS:

N/A

5.

LEADERSHIP APPLICATION:

Jehoram is an evil king. You do not want to be like him. He has no fear for God

King Ahaziah

2 Kings 8:25-9:29, 2 chronicles 22:1-9 

Year of reign: (1 years) 842-841 BC

Evil king

1. 

BATTLES: 

Syria

ALLIANCES: 

Israel (king Joram)

OTHER EVENTS: 

Visits king Joram after he is wounded in battle 

2. 

PROPHET’S NAME: 

N/A

MESSAGE: 

N/A

RESPONDS:

1. N/A

3. N/A

FULFILLED:

N/A

4.

REMARKS:

N/A

5.

LEADERSHIP APPLICATION:

Ahaziah was an evil king. We see betrayal. 

Queen Athalia

2 Kings 11:1-20, 2 chronicles 22:10-23:21

Year of reign: (7 years) 841-835 BC

Evil queen

1. 

BATTLES: 

N/A

ALLIANCES: 

N/A

OTHER EVENTS: 

destroys the royal family

2. 

PROPHET’S NAME: 

N/A

MESSAGE: 

N/A

RESPONDS:

N/A

FULFILLED:

N/A

4.

REMARKS:

N/A

5.

LEADERSHIP APPLICATION:

Leaders should remember that the more greed grows in your heart the more of a worse leader you become.

King Joash

2 Kings 11:21-12:21, 2 chronicles 24:1-27

Year of reign: (40 years) 835-796 BC

Good king

1. 

BATTLES: 

Syria

ALLIANCES: 

N/A

OTHER EVENTS: 

decided to repair the Lord's Temple

fell from God

2. 

PROPHET’S NAME: 

Zechariah

MESSAGE: 

Zechariah says why have you turned from God and kept yourself from prospering, because of this God has left you.

RESPONDS:

Joash responds by having Zechariah stoned to death

FULFILLED:

Syria invades and takes all the plunder and leaves Joash severely wounded.

4.

REMARKS:

N/A

5.

LEADERSHIP APPLICATION:

Leaders should follow the Lord and serve him faithfully.

King Amaziah

2 Kings 14:1-20, 2 chronicles 25:1-28

Year of reign: (29 years) 796-767 BC

Good king

1. 

BATTLES: 

Edomites

Israel (king Jehoash)

ALLIANCES: 

N/A

OTHER EVENTS: 

Executed the officials who killed his father (Book of the Law)

2. 

PROPHET’S NAME: 

1.Unnamed "A Man of God"

2.Unnamed Prophet 

MESSAGE: 

1.The Man of God says to Amaziah not to hire troops from Israel to fight, for God is not with them and you will lose the battle if you do hire the trained men from Israel

2. The unnamed prophet rebukes Amaziah and says why do you turn to gods who could not save their own people after he won the battle at Seir against the Edomites

RESPONDS:

1. Amaziah obeyed the Man of God

2. Amaziah tells the prophet to be silent or be killed

FULFILLED:

1. Amaziah  had victory over the Edomites

4.

REMARKS:

N/A

5.

LEADERSHIP APPLICATION:

Leaders should read and obey the word of God and trust in God and not in human strength

King Uzziah

2 Kings 15:1-7, 2 chronicles 26:1-23

Year of reign: (52 years) 792 - 740* BC Denotes co-regency with previous king

Good king 2 Chron 26:4

1. 

BATTLES: 

Philistines

ALLIANCES: 

N/A

OTHER EVENTS: 

Lord struck him with leprosy

Rebuilds town Elath

Fortified towers in Jerusalem at Corner Gate, Valley Gate and at the angle in the wall.

Constructed many forts in wilderness and dug  many water cisterns

2. 

PROPHET’S NAME: 

Zechariah

MESSAGE: 

N/A

RESPONDS:

N/A

FULFILLED:

N/a

4.

REMARKS:

N/A

5.

LEADERSHIP APPLICATION:

Leaders should seek God and ask for his heart to lead

King Jotham

2 Kings 15:32-38, 2 chronicles 27:1-9

Year of reign: (16 years) 750-735* BC  Denoted co-regency with previous king 

Good king 2 Kings 15:34

1. 

BATTLES: 

N/A

ALLIANCES: 

N/A

OTHER EVENTS: 

Rebuilt upper gate of the Lord's Temple

Built towns and constructed fortresses and towers

2. 

PROPHET’S NAME: 

Isaiah

Micah

MESSAGE: 

N/A

RESPONDS:

N/A

FULFILLED:

N/a

4.

REMARKS:

N/A

5.

LEADERSHIP APPLICATION:

He was obedient to the Lord

King Ahaz

2 Kings 16:1-20, 2 chronicles 28:1-27

Year of reign: (16 years) 735 - 719 BC

Evil king 2 Kings 16:2

1. 

BATTLES: 

Syria

Israel (king Pekah)

ALLIANCES: 

Assyria

OTHER EVENTS: 

Had Uriah the priest build an altar exactly like the Assyrian king

Sacrificed his own sons

2. 

PROPHET’S NAME: 

Isaiah

Micah

MESSAGE: 

N/A

RESPONDS:

N/A

FULFILLED:

N/a

4.

REMARKS:

N/A

5.

LEADERSHIP APPLICATION:

This is how leaders should not act, unfaithful to the Lord and encourage people to sin

King Hezekiah

2 Kings 18:1-20:21, 2 chronicles 29:1-32:33

Year of reign: (29 years) 727(715) - 698 (686)* BC  Denoted co-regency with previous king 

Good king 2 Kings 18:3

1. 

BATTLES: 

Assyria

ALLIANCES: 

N/A

OTHER EVENTS: 

Reopens the Temple doors and repairs them

Has the people cleansed so they can purify the Temple

Passover and Festival of Unleavened Bread

Encourages men to not to be afraid of Assyria

2. 

PROPHET’S NAME: 

Isaiah

Micah

MESSAGE: 

1. Isaiah says to Hezekiah not to worry about the defiant speech of the king of Assyria, he says that God will take care of him.

2. Isaiah also says that Hezekiah is going to die and he is to set his affairs straight

3. Isaiah also says that because God heard his cry God will heal him and rescue him from his enemies

4. Isaiah says because of his pride and showing all his possessions to Babylon that he will lose everything

RESPONDS:

1. He prays to God and puts his trust in God.

2. Hezekiah responded by turning his face to the wall and prayed to the Lord and broke down weeping

3. Hezekiah asks for a sign so he knows he will be healed

FULFILLED:

1. God sends the angel of the Lord to kill 185,000 Assyrian troops and the king of Assyria left to go back to his own land where he was killed by his sons

2/3. God hears his cry and heals him

4. Fulfilled later on

4.

REMARKS:

N/A

5.

LEADERSHIP APPLICATION:

Leaders should act like Hezekiah, he was faithful to the Lord and was a man of faith who cried out to the Lord

King Manasseh

2 Kings 21:1-18, 2 chronicles 33:1-20

Year of reign: (55 years) 698-642* BC  Denoted co-regency with previous king 

Evil king 2 Kings 21:2

1. 

BATTLES: 

N/A

ALLIANCES: 

N/A

OTHER EVENTS: 

Rebuilt pagan shrines

Constructed altars to baal

Built pagan altars in the Temple of the Lord

Sacrificed his own son

Killed innocent people of Jerusalem

He humbles himself before God and prays and seeks God 

2. 

PROPHET’S NAME: 

Unnamed prophets

MESSAGE: 

The Lord spoke through an unnamed prophet that he is going to bring disaster upon Jerusalem and Judah and wipe them away and reject them because of the evil they all have done

RESPONDS:

N/A

FULFILLED:

N/A

4.

REMARKS:

N/A

5.

LEADERSHIP APPLICATION:

The majority of Manasseh's life was in sin but he finally turned from his sin and repented and chose God. The big lesson here is the act of humility and repentance

King Amon

2 Kings 21:19-26, 2 chronicles 33:21-25

Year of reign: (2 years) 642-640 BC

Evil king 2 Kings 21:20

1. 

BATTLES: 

N/A

ALLIANCES: 

N/A

OTHER EVENTS: 

2. 

PROPHET’S NAME: 

N/A

MESSAGE: 

N/A

RESPONDS:

N/A

FULFILLED:

N/A

4.

REMARKS:

N/A

5.

LEADERSHIP APPLICATION:

Do the opposite of Amon and follow God

King Josiah

2 Kings 22:1-23:30, 2 chronicles 34:1-35

Year of reign: (31 years) 640-609 BC

Good king 2 Kings 22:2

1. 

BATTLES: 

N/A

ALLIANCES: 

N/A

OTHER EVENTS: 

He got rid of all false gods and idols, every kind of detestable practise, all mediums and psychics

Purified the Land and Temple

He turned the people back to God

Celebrated the Passover

Read the Book of the Law at the Temple to al the people

Goes to battle against Egypt

2. 

PROPHET’S NAME: 

Huldah

Jeremiah

MESSAGE: 

Huldah says God is angry because his people have not followed him, but God saw Josiah's humility and repentance and says he is not going to send his disaster on him while he lives but after he dies he will

RESPONDS:

N/A

FULFILLED:

N/A

4.

REMARKS:

N/A

5.

LEADERSHIP APPLICATION:

Leaders should follow the great example of Josiah. Turn to God in repentance and read and live according to the word of God

King Jehoahaz

2 Kings 23:31-34, 2 chronicles 36:1-4

Year of reign: (3 months) 609 BC

Evil king 2 Kings 23:32

1. 

BATTLES: 

N/A

ALLIANCES: 

N/A

OTHER EVENTS: 

2. 

PROPHET’S NAME: 

N/A

MESSAGE: 

N/A

RESPONDS:

N/A

FULFILLED:

N/A

4.

REMARKS:

N/A

5.

LEADERSHIP APPLICATION:

Did not follow God

King Jehoiakim

2 Kings 23:34-24:7, 2 chronicles 36:4-8

Year of reign: (11 years) 609-598 BC

Evil king 2 Kings 23:37 

1. 

BATTLES: 

Babylon

ALLIANCES: 

N/A

OTHER EVENTS: 

Surrenders to Babylon

God fulfills earlier word to Josiah about bringing disaster upon his people

2. 

PROPHET’S NAME: 

N/A

MESSAGE: 

N/A

RESPONDS:

N/A

FULFILLED:

N/A

4.

REMARKS:

N/A

5.

LEADERSHIP APPLICATION:

Leaders need to trust in God opposed to looking at circumstances through their own eyes

King Jehoiacim

2 Kings 24:8-17, 2 chronicles 36:9-10

Year of reign: (3 months) 598-597 BC

Evil king 2 Kings 24:9 

1. 

BATTLES: 

Babylon

ALLIANCES: 

N/A

OTHER EVENTS: 

Surrenders to Babylon

God fulfills earlier word to that Nebuchadnezzar would carry everything Judah had and exiled over 7000 people, he also took king Jehoiacim captive

2. 

PROPHET’S NAME: 

N/A

MESSAGE: 

N/A

RESPONDS:

N/A

FULFILLED:

N/A

4.

REMARKS:

N/A

5.

LEADERSHIP APPLICATION:

Did not follow God

King Zedekiah

2 Kings 24:17-25:7, 2 chronicles 36:11-21 

Year of reign: (11 years) 597-586 BC

Evil king 2 Kings 24:19

1. 

BATTLES: 

Babylon

ALLIANCES: 

N/A

OTHER EVENTS: 

Rebelled against king of Babylon

Watched the Babylonians kill his sons, they also gouged out his eyes and took him as prisoner

Babylon took over and exiled everybody

2. 

PROPHET’S NAME: 

N/A

MESSAGE: 

N/A

RESPONDS:

N/A

FULFILLED:

N/A

4.

REMARKS:

N/A

5.

LEADERSHIP APPLICATION:

Did not follow God